What type of immunity is developed after overcoming a disease or through vaccination?

The correct answer is acquired immunity. This type of immunity refers to the immunity that develops as a result of exposure to a disease or through vaccination. When the body encounters a pathogen, it responds by producing antibodies, which can provide long-lasting protection against future infections from the same pathogen. Vaccination works in a similar way, as it introduces a harmless component or a weakened form of the pathogen to stimulate the immune system to develop a response, thus preparing the body to fight off the disease if it is encountered again.

In contrast, innate immunity is the body's first line of defense that is present from birth and does not change over time. Passive immunity, on the other hand, involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as from mother to child, providing temporary protection. Natural immunity typically refers to immunity that develops as a result of natural infection and is closely related to acquired immunity, but acquired immunity encompasses both natural and vaccination-induced immunity. Thus, acquired immunity effectively describes the protection gained from overcoming disease or through vaccinations.